Tucked between the Andes and the Atlantic Ocean, Argentina’s vast expanse claims parts of Antartica and borders Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay and Chile. The land was supposedly named Tierra Argentina (land of silver) after the silver gifts that were given to explorers by the indigenous people inhabiting the land. The Spanish arrived in 1502 and established a colony by 1580 on the land that is now Buenos Aires. Independence was established in 1816 and was followed by several periods of political conflict.
The late 19th century through to the depression era was a boom for Argentina and it became one of the wealthiest countries in the world. During this period, Argentina welcomed millions of immigrants from Europe, primarily Italy and Spain, and some from Germany, England and France. Entire families arrived with empty pockets and hearts filled with hope. Thus began a new history for Argentina, which became a diverse nation of multiple races, mixed cultures and contradicting ideas. The challenge and search for a unified way of thinking had begun.
The next major milestone in Argentine history was marked by the election of Juan Peron as President in 1946. His platform emphasized the empowerment of the working class, ending decades of conservative rule. His controversially popular wife, Eva, has immortalized the Peron name.
A military regime was enforced from 1976 – 1983 creating a terrible history that is known as the Dirty War in which thousands of innocent people disappeared, never to be heard of again. When democracy was restored in 1983, the country had been badly bruised in domestic and international matters.
The 2001 financial crisis was the final straw and domestic bank accounts were frozen in an attempt to control the situation. This led to further panic and rioting and to the ultimate default on Argentina’s part on its international debt obligations. The peso’s link to the US dollar was abandoned causing it to plummet in the face of skyrocketing inflation.
Today Argentina’s tourism industry benefits from a deflated Peso, providing an inexpensive way for tourists to experience this beautiful country. Argentines, however, are left with their memories of lost loved ones and financial ruin from their turbulent past.
Fast Facts About Argentina
Head of State: Nestor Kirchner
Population: 37.9 million
Geography: 2.8 million sq km. surface area
Neighbors: Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil and Chile
Official Language: Spanish
