Rio de Janeiro is a city of contrasts that are apparent everywhere. Whether it is between the ocean and the surrounding mountains or the favelas located right next to posh neighborhoods, this contrast brings out the best of Rio and is part of what makes it such an interesting city both culturally and esthetically. Aptly named the 'Cidade Maravilhosa' by Andre Filho in a Samba song written in 1934, Rio is just that -- marvelous. Once the capital of Brazil, Rio is today exemplary of the Brazilian spirit. Nothing portrays this better than the world-famous Carnaval held every year. But the spirit is also demonstrated by every Carioca (resident of Rio) through their leisure pursuits, which are enjoyed on Rio's beautiful beaches. When these passionate Cariocas leave their marvelous city, they are often overcome with 'saudade', a word that is mildly described by homesickness and yearning, but for which --they claim--there is no direct translation that emits the strength of these feelings.

Listen to our Insider's Guide to Carnaval podcast.

Spring (September - October) is one of the nicest times to visit Rio, before the humidity sets in. Rio's forests and gardens are lush and beautiful to see at this time. Summer vacation begins in mid-December and lasts until February. During this time the beaches are packed with Cariocas working on their tans. This can also be the rainiest time of year in Rio. The heavy heat starts around October and will reach 40 degrees Celsius on a sunny day. Winter vacation happens in July and, although the days can stay hot, the evenings in Rio get relatively chilly dropping to 15 degrees Celsius. The winds and dampness can make this feel colder. Summers are best for diving while the winter months (June - August) are the best for surfers. Carnaval is held every year, 7 weeks before Easter Sunday. During this period, and often the weeks leading up to it, Rio is at its liveliest. It is also a time when prices skyrocket and crowds can become unbearable. Keep this in mind when you are planning your stay.